Semantics and symbol grounding in Turing machine processes

Autor

  • Anna Sarosiek

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15633/ss.2492

Słowa kluczowe:

Steven Harnad, symbolic system, semantic system, symbol grounding problem, Turing machine, Turing test, Church-Turing Thesis, artificial intelligent, cognition

Abstrakt

The aim of the paper is to present the underlying reason of the unsolved symbol
grounding problem. The Church-Turing Thesis states that a physical problem,
for which there is an algorithm of solution, can be solved by a Turing
machine, but machine operations neglect the semantic relationship between
symbols and their meaning. Symbols are objects that are manipulated on rules
based on their shapes. The computations are independent of the context, mental
states, emotions, or feelings. The symbol processing operations are interpreted
by the machine in a way quite different from the cognitive processes.
Cognitive activities of living organisms and computation differ from each other,
because of the way they act in the real word. The result is the problem of
mutual understanding of symbol grounding.

Bibliografia

Cangelosi A., Greco A., Harnad S., Symbol Grounding and the Symbolic Theft

Hypothesis, in: Simulating the Evolution of Language, ed. A. Cangelosi,

D. Parisi, London 2002.

Copeland B. J., The Church-Turing Thesis, in: The Stanford Encyclopedia of

Philosophy, ed. E. N. Zalta, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/church-turing

(28.11.2017).

De Saussure F., Nature of the Linguistic Sign, “Course in General Linguistics”

(1916), p. 65–70.

Fodor J., Pylyshyn Z. W., Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture: A Critical

Analysis, “Cognition” 28 (1988) iss. 1, p. 3–71.

Harnad S., Computation Is just Interpretable Symbol Manipulation; Cognition

Isn’t, “Minds and Machines” 4 (1994) iss. 4, p. 379–390.

Harnad S., The Symbol Grounding Problem, “Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena”

(1990) iss. 1, p. 335–346.

MacDorman K., Cognitive Robotics. Grounding Symbols through Sensorimotor

Integration, “Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan” 17 (1999) no. 1,

p. 20–24.

Peirce C. S., The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings, vol. 1, ed.

N. Houser, Bloomington 1998.

Piccinini G., Computation in Physical Systems, in: The Stanford Encyclopedia

of Philosophy, ed. E. N. Zalta, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computation-

physicalsystems (28.11.2017).

Professor Stevan Harnad, http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/people/harnad (22.11.2017).

Searle J. R., Minds, Brains, and Programs, “Behavioral and Brain Sciences”

(1980) iss. 3, p. 417–424.

Steels L., The Symbol Grounding Problem Has Been Solved, so What’s Next,

“Symbols and Embodiment: Debates on Meaning and Cognition” (2008),

p. 223–244.

Taddeo M., Floridi L., Solving the Symbol Grounding Problem: a Critical Review

of Fifteen Years of Research, “Journal of Experimental & Theoretical

Artificial Intelligence” 17 (2005) iss. 4, p. 419–445.

Turing A. M., Computing Machinery and Intelligence, “Mind” (1950), p. 433–

Turing A., Intelligent Machinery, a Heretical Theory, “B. Jack Copeland”

(2004), p. 465.

Opublikowane

2018-07-31

Numer

Dział

Artykuły