Foreigners in the Russian Baltic fleet in 1722 in the light of British documents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15633/tes.09205Keywords:
Peter I, Russia, Russian Baltic flee, England, diplomacyAbstract
Even before the Great Northern War, Tsar Peter I began building the Russian Baltic Fleet, which played a very important military role in the second phase of that conflict in the aforementioned body of water. Before the conflict, Russia did not have a sufficient number of ships and educated officers, master shipbuilders, or skilled shipyard workers. As a result, foreigners were hired, who were in the vast majority of the Russian fleet at the time. They also received very high honoraria, as mentioned in the reports of British diplomats from Russia, which will be the source basis for this discussion. They did not overlook the training of their cardinals both at home and in other European countries. Ships, on the other hand, which formed the basis of the Baltic fleet, were most often purchased from England and the Netherlands. Based on the surviving documents of British diplomats, it is possible to reconstruct the state of the fleet and the composition of the foreigners serving in it, the number of fees they received, and the number of ships purchased abroad for the Russian Navy.
References
Źródła
The National Archives in Kew (London), State Papers Foreign, Russia, 91/9.
Źródła drukowane
Britain and Russia in the age of Peter the Great. Historical Documents, S. Dixon, A.G. Cross, W.G. Jones, M.S. Anderson, R.P. Bartlett, P. Dukes, J.M. Hartley, L. Hughes, L.R. Lewitter, I. de Madariaga, W.F. Ryan (eds.), London 1998, s. 1–308.
Materialy dlia istorii russkogo flota, t. 4, Sankt-Peterburg 1867, s. 1–740.
Opracowania
Chernikov S.V., Evoliutsiia vysshego komandovaniia rossiiskoi armii i flota pervoi chetverti XVIII veka, „Cahiers du Monde russe”, 50 (10–12.2009), nr 4, s. 699–735.
Davis B., The officers of The Baltic Fleet [w:] Eighteenth-Century Naval Officers. A Transnational Perspective, E. Wilson, A.S. Hammar, J. Seerup (eds.), Newport 2019, s. 185–212.
Den D., Istoriia Rossiiskogo flota v tsarstvovanie Petra Velikogo, Sankt-Peterburg 1897, s. 1–108.
Gierowski J.A., Z dziejów stosunku Anglii do Gdańska w początkach XVIII wieku, „Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka”, 2 (1975), s. 333–342.
Krokosz P., Ludzie reformy, „Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego”, 1256 (2002), Prace Historyczne, nr 129, s. 111–122.
Krokosz P., Rosyjskie siły zbrojne za panowania Piotra I, Kraków 2010, s. 1–427.
Krotov P.A., Rossiiskii flot na Baltike pri Petre Velikom, Sankt-Peterburg 2017, s. 1–744.
Krotov P.A., Akishin M.O., Vitse-Admiral N.A. Seniavin (1681–1738), Sankt-Peterburg 2022, s. 1–308.
Malyshev L.A., Morskaia leĭb-gvardii Rossii (1690–1918 gg.), Sankt-Peterburg 2015, s. 1–90.
Mazur T.P, Moriaki iz Niderlandov i ikh potomki na sluzhbe v Rossiiskom voenno-morskom flote [w:] Rossiia-Niderlandy, Dialog kul’tur v evropeiskom prostranstve, Sankt-Peterburg 2014, s. 273–283.
Murdoch S., Surfing the Waves: Scottish Admirals in Russia in their Baltic. Context, „Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies”, 3 (2010), no. 2, s. 59–86.
Sawicki M., Rosyjskie siły lądowe i flota bałtycka w 1715 i 1719 roku w świetle raportów brytyjskich, „Wschodni Rocznik Humanistyczny”, 17 (2020), nr 2, s. 157–169.
Serczyk W.A., Piotr I Wielki, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków–Gdańsk 1997, s. 1–264.
Tredrea J., Sozaev E., Russian warships in the age of sail 1696–1860. Design, construction, careers and fates, Barnsley 2010, s. 1–447.
Vizelago F., Kratkaia istoriia russkogo flota, Moskva 1939, s. 1–304.
Netografia
Durov I. G., „Imet’ staranie o plat’e svoem, i byt’ vsegda chistu, kak v plat’e, tak i v bel’e…”. Veshchevoe obespechenie voennykh i morskikh chinov v XVIII veke, http://history.milportal.ru/veshhevoe-obespechenie-voennyx-i-morskix-chinov-v-xviii-veke/?print=print [dostęp: 17.02.2023].
Durov I.G., Organizatsiia voennogo chinoproizvodstva v Russkoi reguliarnoi armii i voenno-morskom flote v epokhu Petra Velikogo, http://www.reenactor.ru/ARH/PDF/Dyrov_13.pdf [dostęp: 17.02.2023].
Kenneth Cozens, 18th century shipbuilders & the building of the Russian fleet of Peter the Great, https://www.academia.edu/12319223/18th_CENTURY_SHIPBUILDERS_and_THE_BUILDING_OF_THE_RUSSIAN_FLEET_OF_PETER_THE_GREAT [dostęp: 15.01.2023].
Labutina T.L., Britanskii diplomat i razvedchik Charl’z Uitvort pri dvore Petra I, http://www.reenactor.ru/ARH/PDF/Labytina_01.pdf [dostęp: 21.01.2023].
Nekrasov G.A., Voenno-Morskie sily Rossii na Baltike v pervoi chetyerti XVIII v., http://www.reenactor.ru/ARH/PDF/Nekrasov.pdf [dostęp: 17.02.2023].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and full publishing rights without restrictions, and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
