Immoralism in Paul Häberlin’s pedagogy and Adam Węgrzecki’s concept of man

Abstract

Article presents the positions of two philosophers whose visions are definitely different from each other. The aim is to present the original concept of education based on the worldviews of Paul Häberlin and Adam Węgrzecki. Häberlin claims that reaching the ethical ideal is impossible, and therefore recommends surrendering to the all-embracing grace of God. The eternal struggle between conscience and drives appears absurd, because evil is an eternal, inseparable part of the soul and this fact must be accepted. Instead of striving for the ethical ideal, Häberlin recommends striving for happiness and being yourself. He supports upbringing to christianity. Conscience struggles should be considered an educator and these struggles be fought to the end. Man should be guided primarily by the ethos of thinking, then the ethos of conscience and religion. Whereas Węgrzecki focuses on the axiology and philosophy of the meeting. It presents the vision of man as a being facing choice. The choice concerns value. Unlike Häberlin, he does not raise the issue of religion. Man is a free and conscious being, it is up to him to make a decision. Other people often influence a choice of values by human. A real meeting helps to find oneself, it changes a person, it also changes the perception of values. According to the polish philosopher, man shapes himself, makes decisions and is responsible for them. In trying to combine the worldviews of both philosophers, there arise certain conclusions regarding upbringing. By instilling noble values in the pupils, perhaps they should be made aware that the choices are not always easy, that sometimes their desires are contrary to the will and the accepted values, that mistakes are actually inevitable. Pupils should be surrounded by acceptance, even if they stray from the ethical path. However, this does not mean that negative behavior should be left without consequences. Pupils should be encouraged to get to know themselves and become themselves, as well as to be open to interpersonal relationships and strive for happiness. Living in accordance with the chosen moral values brings a sense of happiness and inner peace.