The classic concept of progress in Robert Spaemann’s approach

Abstract

The article presents selected aspects of the classic concept of progress as understood by Robert Spaemann. This German thinker developed this concept in discussions with other visions of progress, such as modernism, naturalism, Marxism, and transhumanism. The common one to them is the modern idea, according to which constantly increasing scientific domination over nature and, consequently, man also means progress. However, such a vision contradicts the proper sense of progress. It is implemented when it is in harmony with the teleological nature of beings.
According to these visions, progress is a necessary and infinite process. A special role in determining its dynamics is played by contemporary natural science with its characteristic tendency to progressive instrumentalization of nature. Spaemann rightly criticizes it. The relevant criteria determine whether progress is actually being made. Among them, Spaemann indicates and develops metaphysical, ethical (both negative and positive) and theological criteria. In his opinion, progress presupposes moral improvements and places human existence in the perspective of hope, which constantly motivates people to improve themselves and the world. The article also attempts to define the topicality, specificity and originality of the analyzes of the German thinker.