The Order of Friars Minor at the Moment of the Death of St. Francis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15633/ps.27406Keywords:
Franciszek, śmierć Franciszka, Zakon Braci MniejszychAbstract
This article presents the evolution of the Franciscan order which took place in the years 1223–1228, i.e., in the period from the final approval of the Franciscan Rule to the canonization of Francis. This period is poorly described in the oldest Franciscan sources, but we believe that it is wrong to conclude that the generation of Friars Minor, contemporaries of Francis, wanted to hide something in the history of the Order, in particular the process of departing from the original Franciscan ideals and moving towards the clericalization of Friars Minor. Neither Francis nor his early companions cared about any documentation. The article is divided into four parts: 1) From community to order; 2) Territorial expansion; 3) Rule; 4) Voltages. Francis did not think about the order, but about the community, and he gave this form to the first generation of friars. As long as Francis lived, he mitigated them by his own example. After his death, the Holy See had to intervene, making an authentic interpretation of the rule.
References
Block W., Wszystkim chrześcijanom. Duchowość Franciszka z Asyżu w świetle jego pism, t. 1–4, Kraków 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019.
Di Fonzo W., Odoardi J., Pompei A., Bracia mniejsi konwentualni. Historia i życie, przeł. P. Anzulewicz, Niepokalanów 1988.
Francesco d’Assisi nella storia, a cura di S. Gieben, vol. 1–2, Roma 1983.
Gniecki C., Hagiograficzne źródła franciszkańskie powstałe w XIII i XIV w., Kraków 2005.
Holzapfel H., Podręcznik historii Zakonu Braci Mniejszych, z jęz. łacińskiego przeł. P. A. Turbański, red. nauk. L. R. Wójtowicz, Tyniec 2012.
Iriarte L., Historia franciszkanizmu, przeł. S. Kafel, A. Zębik, K. Kuklińska, Kraków 1998.
[Jordan z Giano], „Kronika” br. Jordana z Giano OMin, wprowadzenie i przekład tekstu M. Sykuła, „Studia Franciszkańskie” 21 (2011), s. 173–212.
Lombardi T., Storia del francescanesimo, Padova 1980.
Manselli R., Pierwsze stulecie historii franciszkanów, przygot. do druku A. Marini, tłum. K. Kubis, Kraków 2006.
Manselli R., Święty Franciszek z Asyżu. Editio maior, tłum. M. Bilińska, A. Paleta, Kraków 2006.
Manselli R., Św. Franciszek i jego towarzysze, przeł. K. Kubis, Kraków 2009.
[Marchesi Alfredo] Ilarino z Mediolanu, Krótka historia zakonu franciszkańskiego, przeł. A. Pańczak, Poznań 1999.
Moorman J., A History of the Franciscan Order from its origins to the year 1517, Chicago 1988.
Nimmo D., Reform and Division in the Medieval Franciscan Order (1226–1538). From saint Francis to the Foundation of the Capuchins, Rome 1987.
Robson M., The Franciscans in the Middle Ages, Nowy Jork, Rochester 2006.
Uribe F., Wprowadzenie do źródeł franciszkańskich, tłum. E. Kumka, Kraków 2009.
Vauchez A., Duchowość średniowiecza, przeł. H. Zaremska, Gdańsk 1996.
Vauchez A., Zakon franciszkański w pierwszym stuleciu swoich dziejów, „W Drodze” 4 (1976) nr 10 s. 22–33.
Wyczawski H. E., Krótka historia Zakonu Braci Mniejszych, w: Klasztory bernardyńskie w Polsce w jej granicach historycznych, Kalwaria Zebrzydowska 1985, s. 581–631.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Dariusz Kasprzak; Roland Prejs
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and full publishing rights without restrictions, and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
